Naktuk ah Tuipang ah Saiha Group YMA Conference

Tuipang Dairy Veng Branch YMA chuan kum 2008 Saiha Group YMA Conference a thleng dawn.Zanin thleng hian in buatsaihna kalpui mek zel a ni a.Dairy Branch YMA hi an pa chhe ve in an chak loh em avangin in buatsaihna pawh duh angin a chak thei lo.Amaherawh chu member awm chhun ten tih tak zetin YMA taka an thawh tlan avangin ropui tak leh hlawhtling taka thlen an tum.Ni 22 April 2008 hian mikhual an rawn thleng tan ang.He Group YMA chhungah hian Mizoram chhim tawpa Lungpuk YMA Branch bakah Phura YMA Branch te chu lo tel tura ngaih an ni a.Sangau leh Kawlchaw East(Lairam) leh Kawlchaw West (Maraland) te pawh lo tel tura beisei an ni.

Saiha khaw bikah hian YMA Branch 12/15 vel an awm a.Heng zingah hian Meisatla YMA Branch hi a chak ber leh active ber an ni.Aizawla YMA Branch tam tak aiin an an thawk trha zawk awm e.

YMA Conference ah hian Khuallian ah Pu P.Lianhrima,Director,LAD chu khuallian turin a lo kal ang.

March 2008 khan Kawlchaw East ah Sub-Hqrs YMA Conference a awm tawh bawk a.Tin,March thla vek khan MTP(Mara Thyuthlia Py) General Conference Zawnglingah neih a ni bawk

Zawngling ah zu chhe in vangin thi

Ni 17 April 2008 zan khan Zawngling khuaa tlangval 10 vel chuan zu an in a.An zu lo in hi zu chhia a nih avangin a hmunah mi 2 an thi nghal a.A dang 8 te chu Tuipang PHC panpui an nih hnuah Saiha Civil Hospital an panpui a.Saiha thlen hma in 1 a thih belh bawk.

Zu chhe in chungchangah hian Tuipang Police te chuan Zawngling an pan nghal a.Tunah hian thil awm dan zir chian a chhui mek a ni.

A Guide to Synopsis for Ph.D

(Synopsis for Ph.D Registration)


Ethnic Identities and Mizo Nationality Formation in Mizoram

Mr.L.Khiangte


Supervisor
Dr. H.S

Department of political science

INTRODUCTION

The modern world can rightly be called as the world of nations. The maxim ‘nation – state’, defined as ‘one state for one nation,’ initiated by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 has become a near universal ideal, relentlessly pursued in all parts of the globe. Although pure nation state is a possibility, empirically speaking, only a tiny proportion of the world’s existing states have approximated the homogeneity and commitment conjured up by the label ‘nation - state’ . Most of the existing states in the world, especially the post-colonial third world states continue to struggle with nation building process as they are inhabited by several ethnic groups and nationalities. Contrary to early social theorists’ prediction that tribal and ethnic loyalties would decrease in importance and eventually vanish as a result of modernisation, industrialisation and growth of individualism, they are still strong in many countries that it has virtually become impossible to ignore them . The study of ethnicity and process of nationality formation among different groups, therefore, continues to be one of the most relevant areas for social science research.

DEFINING THE CONCEPTS

Although at popular level the terms such as tribe, ethnic group and nationality are used as inter-changeable expressions, social scientists see differences among them. Scholars like John Hutchinson, Anthony D Smith, Hans Kohn, Donald Horowitz, Paul R Brass, TK Oommen etc have their own understanding of what these concepts should mean. Despite lack of unanimity among the scholars as to how these terms should be differentiated, one can still attempt tentative definitions for the purpose of study. In the proposed research study the term tribe may refer to self-contained community living at the stage of subsistence economy and based on kinship or principles of consanguinity . By the term ethnic group, we mean a politicised cultural group united by certain objective attributes and exhibiting strong psychological sentiment of belonging to the group . A single tribe or a group of tribes join together may form an ethnic community. Ethnic community exists in competition with other similar groups for gaining certain benefits within the political system. The emergence of ethnic community presupposes that the community has already been influenced to an extent by the process of modernization. When ethnic consciousness at a given stage of historical development translates itself into a desire for self-determination and leads to mobilization of the community either for political autonomy or for sovereignty, then the ethnic group is considered to have emerged as a nationality. This subjective consciousness of a community as belonging to a distinct nationality does not develop in vacuum. It emerges at a particular stage of historical development, which coincides with the development of capitalism and the emergence of modern social and political institutions. The emerging elites of the community, who themselves are the product of modernization play a vital role in arousing nationality consciousness .

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

India is a multi-nationality state composed of several nationalities and ethnic groups. The process of development of national consciousness and the nature of aspirations and demands of the people differ from one nationality and ethnic group to another depending on particular historical, cultural and economic contexts in which they develop. In India, we can identify several forms in which the national and ethnic questions manifest themselves. North East India has been witnessing a series of popular movements in the name of ethnic identity and nationality. Nationality question in North East India has its own distinct features. Several tribes, ethnic groups and nationalities that are at different stages of development inhabit the region. Most of these communities, especially those in the hilly areas, had little contact with the Indian subcontinent till the British period. During the Indian freedom movement also, only a small portion of the population joined the movement. These regions were integrated into the independent Indian Union – some with the consent and some against the wishes of the indigenous people.

Even after becoming a part of the Indian Union, these communities and the regions remained backward and underdeveloped compared to the rest of India. The awareness of their backwardness and underdevelopment seem to create a sense of alienation and feeling of deprivation in the minds of the indigenous people and also generates internal conflicts among different communities within the region. Several ethnic and nationality assertions and movements that the region witnessed appear to be partly the result of these factors . In case of those ethnic groups, which have already graduated into well-developed nationalities, this self-assertion appears to be the result of their aspiration for a greater share of power in the working of the state, and their struggles are normally targeted against the centripetal character of the Indian State. But in the case of those ethnic communities emerging as nationalities, their self-assertion seems to be the result of a new found identity consciousness. Their movements therefore, are apparently targeted not only against the centralised India, but also against the domineering role of other dominant nationalities or ethnic groups in the region . The demands of some of these ethnic or nationality movements range from mild claims, like the demand for expulsion of migrants from other linguistics states who come to work in their region to regional autonomy to one of total independence in the name of self- determination of nations . In all these movements and assertions, the modern educated elite seems to have played an important role in making the people conscious of their ethnic and national identities and in organizing and mobilizing them in pursuit of certain demands on behalf of the communities.

In view of the complex processes of ethnic and nationality assertions and movements in the region, it would be interesting to study how potential these assertions are and what would be the impact of these continuing ethnic assertions and movements on the inter and intra community relations within the Northeast region. It is also worth exploring how far these complex processes of interactions between ethnic groups and nationalities affect the political future of the north-eastern states. In view of the relevance of such questions to the understanding of the contemporary political dynamics in the North East India, I propose to undertake a study on ethnic identities and Mizo nationality formation in Mizoram.
Mizoram, one of the seven states in North East India, covers an area of 21,087 square kilometres with a population of a little over eight lakhs and is flanked by Bangladesh and Tripura in the west, Myanmar in the east and south, Assam and Manipur in the north . With the exception of few communities like the Chakmas, Reangs, Nepalis etc., who are essentially distinct from the Chin-Kuki-Mizo family, other communities like Lusei, Ralte, Hmar, Paite, Lai and Mara etc are usually grouped together under the generic name ‘Mizo’. The Lusei are mainly concentrated on Aizawl and Lunglei districts, the Ralte and the Hmar on the northern part of Aizawl district and the Paite are mainly concentrated in the north-eastern part of Aizawl district. The majority of the Lai lives on the northern part of Chhimtuipui district and the Mara community on the southern and south-eastern parts of Chhimtuipui district . The communities inhabiting the Lushai Hills, at present designated as Mizoram, were nomadic tribes before their annexation by the British. At the time of the British arrival, some political officer like DR Lyall highlighted that the Lusei dialect was gradually developing as a link language among different Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes . However, there was no strong feeling of common identity among these tribes. In the absence of centralized authority and sense of unity among them, one hardly finds any recorded history of united resistance struggle against the British .When the British occupied the region, they found that more than sixty chiefs governed the land. Each village was ruled by a chief who wielded enormous powers over his subjects .

After the Lushai Hills was formally incorporated within British India in 1890, the Superintendent demarcated the boundaries of each chief and imposed common law over the whole of Lushai Hills. The British introduced modern system of education and developed Lusei script in 1898, which later became the medium of instruction in the schools. The Lusei language became more and more popular and was later recognised as an official language in Lushai Hills . The educated Lusei (later known as Mizo language) speaking elite, who received modern education from the missionaries, emerged as an influential section of the society. They, with the support of other few modern educated elite emerging from the cognate Kuki-Chin-Mizo family, tried to forge unity among those tribes by invoking homogenous Mizo identity . The first political party, The Mizo Union, which was formed in 1946 under the patronage of such educated elite, strived to unite all the tribes of ‘Mizo’ inhabiting Assam, Manipur and Tripura into a single political unit and strived for autonomy, preservation of Mizo ethnic identity, safeguarding and promoting culture, customs, dialects and economy of the Mizo. The renaming of the Young Lusei Association as Young Mizo Association and Lushai Hills District Council to Mizo district in 1954 can be seen as a conscious efforts aiming constructing broader Mizo identity.

In the sixties, when the Assam government sought to impose Assamese language as the State language, the Mizo elite in the autonomous Mizo District joined other hill communities living in Assam against the language policy of the Assam government and demanded a separate hill state for the hill tribes. However, after realizing its own contradictions with other hill communities in Assam, the Mizo elite disassociated from the movement for the hill state and began demanding a separate state for the Mizo . When the Assam government failed to deliver prompt relief during the severe famine that hit the Mizo district in the sixties, some leaders like Laldenga exploited the resentment and anger of the people against the Assam government to give shape to an insurgency movement against the Indian Sate under the political banner of the Mizo National Front (MNF). The MNF leaders effectively articulated their differences vis-à-vis the Indians living in the plains and projected Mizo as a separate nation, which has little to do with India and the Indians . After leading insurgent movement for independence against the Indian State for two decades, MNF signed an accord with the Indian State on 30th June 1986 which subsequently led to the creation of the state of Mizoram within the Union of India. Although MNF movement could not realise its goal of forming a sovereign state for the Mizo, it succeeded in strengthening ethnic solidarity and propagating the idea among the Mizo that they belong to a distinct nationality. Other factors like economic development, emergence of modern political and administrative set-ups, growth of modern education, development of language and literature etc., also seem to have helped in the development of Mizo nationality consciousness among different Mizo-Kuki-Chin communities living in the erstwhile Mizo district.

However, some scholars have pointed out that the continuing process of Mizo nationality formation has generated apprehensions and uneasiness amongst the non-Lusei communities who began to feel that the Lusei and its assimilated tribes would dominate Mizo society and monopolize economic, political and social power in their hands. It is pointed out that some Non- Lusei ‘Mizo’ communities like the Hmar, Lai, Mara etc have begun to view the ongoing process of Mizo nationality formation as nothing but Luseisation process aimed at strengthening the Lusei community at the cost of their own particular identity and interests. The elites that emerged among these smaller non-Lusei communities have begun to promote ethnic consciousness at their community levels and launched movements to counteract the real or assumed dominant status of the Lusei . These developments pose challenges to the dominant elites, who seek to build the Mizo nationality based on the ethnic solidarity of the people belonging to Chin-Kuki-Mizo groups inhabiting Mizoram.

While the Mizo elite are making efforts to construct a broader Mizo identity, one can see some smaller ethnic communities, who earlier sided with the Lusei community in fighting for Mizoram, now making efforts to assert their own ethnic identities. In a situation of such kind, it would be interesting to examine what the ruling elite in Mizoram has been doing to develop and consolidate the common Mizo identity among the communities residing in Mizoram. In the light of the assertions of smaller ethnic identities in Mizoram, it is desirable to know in what ways the persisting or the newly emerging ethnic consciousness among certain non-Lusei communities affects the process of Mizo nationality formation. The study of interactions between ethnic communities and the upcoming Mizo nationality will throw light on the political future of Mizoram in general and of the Mizo in particular. Such a study would also enable us to understand the complex and distinct process of nationality formation, not only in Mizoram but also in other areas of northeast, inhabited by communities with changing identities and conflicting interests.

SURVEY OF LITERATURE

The study of ethnicity and nationality has attracted the attention of scholars, liberal as well as Marxist. For getting a bird’s eye view of the academic contributions made in these areas, we may review some of the works. Aijaj Ahmed’s edited On the National and Colonial Questions contains-selected writings of Karl Marx and Federick Engels, throwing light on national question in diverse countries from Ireland to India and China, as well as the national question in several European countries. On National Liberation and Social Emancipation is a compilation of VI Lenin works. The most important thing in Lenin’s formulation of the problem of relation between nations was the class approach - an understanding of the essence and possible solution of nationality question. Nationalism, an edited work of John Hutchinson and Anthony D Smith, presents a collection of the works done by scholars from several disciplines and gives a comparative and inter disciplinary perspective on ethnicity and nationalism in different parts of the world. In Nationalism and Modernism, Anthony D Smith produced a thorough survey of the diverse disciplinary perspectives on ethnicity and nationalism in different parts of the world against the background of debates about modernity. The survey concludes with an analysis of ‘post – modern’ approaches to issues of contemporary national identity. Hans Kohn’s Nationalism: Its Meaning and History traces the history of nationalism and provides a representative sample of readings from primary sources that illustrate the meaning and potency of nationalism as a source of identity for peoples in different times and places. Donald Horowitz work, Ethnic Groups in Conflicts provides useful insights into the workings of ethnic conflict, irredentist and separatist claims and assimilationist and pluralist strategies for overcoming tensions generated by ethnic diversity.

Urmila Phadnis work, Ethnicity and Nation- Building in South Asia provides a comparative appraisal of the dynamics of ethnic identities and movements in the south Asian region comprising India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives. In his book Citizenship, Nationality and Ethnicity, TK Oommen aims to develop a new analysis of the relation between nationality on the one hand and ethnicity and citizenship on the other. He conceives ethnicity as a product of disengagement between territory and culture, and nation as a product of a fusion of territory and language. Paul R Brass, in his book, Ethnicity and Nationalism presents a distinctive theory concerning the origins of ethnic identity and modern nationalism. He argues that the process of ethnic identity formation and its transformation into nationalism is reversible due to elite competition and internal division and contradiction.

In the context of India, TK Oommen in his book, State and Society in India characterizes the Indian polity as constituting a large number of ‘nations’ and ‘ethnies’. He assert that most of the conflicts in India are the result of erroneous conceptualizations arising out of misplaced polarities which juxtapose nation and state, political nationalism and cultural nationalism. In Ethnicity in India, Ajit K Danda perceives ethnicity in view of pluri- cultural realities, as a strategy of interest alliance. Ethnic Movement in India, edited by G Palanithurai and R Thandavan traces the movement from the secessionist postures to assimilationistic postures in the broad socio-economic context and postulates that the ‘upward mobility of the middle class’ determines the direction and nature of the movement. Nationality Question in India is compilations of the writings of several distinguish Marxist writers of the country, who studied nationality question from a materialistic and class conflict approaches. Ethnicity, Culture and Nationalism in North East India edited by MM Agarwal present an attempt by several scholars to conceptualize the central issue in this area with a firm grasp of the postmodern perspective upon the subject. Political Dynamics of North East India edited by Girin Phukon also presents the view of several scholars covering issues like, cultural identity, intra- tribal relation, ethnic conflict etc. In Udayon Misra edited book Nation Building and Development in North East India several scholars study the role of the elite, the question of the colonial exploitation in the process of nation building in the North East India.

Many significant works have been done on the topic relating to the Mizo and historical, socio-economic, political development in Mizoram. AG Mc Call in Lushai Chrysalis gives an account of the culture and history of the Lushais before and after the British annexed them. CG Verghese and RL Thanzawna in A History of the Mizos, Volume 1 and 2 presented a sequential unfolding of Mizo life, social, cultural and political development in and around the state of Mizoram. The Mizo Society in Transition by Chitta Ranjan Nag concentrates on the study of transformation of the Mizo society after their contact with the British administration and Christian missionaries In Mizo Society and Social Change Sangkima gives a comprehensive study of the structure of the Mizo society before and after the British rule and the changes brought about by the British. In Post – colonial Mizo Politics 1947-1998, Chitta Ranjan Nag highlight the origin and role of ‘Mizo middle class’ in the evolution in administration that have taken place in the Mizo territory. Subhas Chatterley in Mizoram under the British Rule gives a description of the history of different Mizo clans living in Mizoram before and after they came into contact with the British. C Nunthara’s book, Mizoram: Society and Polity presents the interplay of society and polity in the context of ethnic identity consolidation in Mizoram and demand for separation by the MNF. In RD Prasad edited book Autonomy Movements in Mizoram, 17 scholars study the evolution of autonomy movements of some major tribes and its impact on socio-cultural and political transformation in Mizoram. Several scholars have done research under NEHU on the topics relating to Mizos and Mizoram. The Traditional Mizo Society by Vanlalauvi is a study of the various aspect of the traditional Mizo society. F Lalremsiama thesis The Traditional Political Institutions of the Lusei studies the power and function of the Lusei chiefs. Administrative Development in Lushai (Mizo) Hills up to 1972 by RRT Sanga Traces the structural changes in the administration in the Lushai Hills beginning from traditional to the UT administration. Emergence of Political elite in Mizoram by Lalrintluanga studies the emergence and structure of modern political elite with the introduction of modern system of governance. The thesis Regionalism in Mizoram Politics by Lalchungnunga examines the historical background of Mizo regionalism in the context of national integration.

The above survey of literature reveals that although there are several related works, there are no significant published works that examined the process of formation of Mizo nationality in the light of the persisting ethnic identities among the tribes living in Mizoram. The ideas of the western liberal and Marxist scholars developed in the context of the experiences of the developed countries and the studies made on nationality formation in the mainland India are not fully applicable to understand the complexity of ethnicity and nationality formation in a north-eastern state like Mizoram. Therefore, it becomes necessary to undertake a study on ethnic identities and nationality formation among the Mizo in Mizoram by focusing on conflicts, competition and commonalties among different communities belonging to Kuki-Chin-Mizo groups. It is expected that the proposed work will provide significant insights into the ethnic and nationality questions, not only of the Mizo, but also of other indigenous communities in North East India.

OBJECTIVES
The proposed work has the following objectives:

1. To locate the material structures and social forces that influenced the construction of Mizo nationality.
2. To examine the nature of ethnic identities emerging among non-Lusei ‘Mizo’ communities in Mizoram and study their effects on the process of development of Mizo nationality formation.
3. To study how the people belonging to different Kuki-Chin-Mizo communities inhabiting Mizoram identify themselves and react to the ongoing process of Mizo nationality formation.
4. To examine whether gender and regional differences affect the people’s ethnic consciousness ands influence their attitudes towards the Mizo nationality formation.

METHODOLOGY AND COLLECTION OF DATA

The relevant data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources will include colonial records, documents and publications of the state and central governments, literature of the NGOs, political parties and militant organisations that operated or are operating in the Lushai Hills/ Mizoram. The secondary sources will include relevant books and articles, unpublished theses, magazines, journals and newspaper articles. Unstructured interviews will be conducted with political leaders, intelligentsia, and leaders of NGOs and prominent citizens, who have been playing important roles in consdtruction of competing nationmality / ethnic identities in Mizoram. Apart from these, I also felt the need to undertake an attitudinal survey to examine how different communities inhabiting both urban and rural areas identify themselves and react to the process of Mizo nationality formation. For this purpose, I propose to undertake a survey of the three dominant Chin-Kuki-Mizo communities in Mizoram – Lusei, Lai and Mara. The towns and villages dominantly inhabited by each of these communities will be identified, out of which, for each community one urban locality and one village will be selected at random for the purpose of survey. The total sample size will be limited to 300. In each village / town locality, fifty households will be selected at random for survey using the village council records and 25 men and 25 women would be interviewed with the help of structured questionnaire. The data so collected will be analysed and compared to examine how these people belonging to different communities, living in different regions within Mizoram identify themselves and view the ongoing process of Mizo nationality formation. While the main analysis of the survey will be included in a separate chapter, cross-references emanating from the survey will be made in the other chapters wherever necessary. The conclusions regarding the ethnic identities and Mizo nationality formation will be arrived at on the bases of the information collected from all these sources.


TENTATIVE CHAPTERISATION

Chapter I: Introduction: - This chapter will state the problem under study and provide conceptual framework to understand the nature and dynamics of ethnic groups and nationalities in the peripheral regions of the developing countries like India.

Chapter II: Construction of Mizo Nationality: In the background of economic, political and social changes taking place in Lushai Hills/ Mizoram, this chapter will study how the Lusei speaking elite constructed the common Mizo identity among different Kuki-Chin-Mizo communities living in the region by differentiating themselves from the non-tribal Indians living in the plains.

Chapter III: Contesting Mizo Nationality: This chapter will examine in general the nature of identity assertions of certain non-Lusei ‘Mizo’ communities in Mizoram who have been up against the assumed dominant position of the Lusei and are fighting for autonomy. Emphasis will be given to the perceptions and the roles of the emerging elites among these communities and their relations with the Mizo elites.

Chapter IV: Region, Gender and Community Identities: This chapter will focus the attitudes and ethnic consciousness of the surveyed communities and will examine whether gender and rural-urban differences affect the communities’ consciousness and their attitudes towards Mizo nationality formation.

Chapter V: Conclusion: On the bases of the data collected, this chapter will try to arrive at conclusions about the present stage of development of the Mizo nationality by making use of relevant theories of tribe, ethnicity and nationality.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Primary Sources

1. Colonial sources: Relevant reports, documents, proceedings, proclamations, notices and writings of colonial authorities, European scholars and church personnel on society, government and politics in Lushai Hills during the British rule.
2. Relevant records of Government of India / Assam / Mizoram such as Census reports, annual budget reports, Five Year Plans, NSS data, legislative proceedings, annual reports and other relevant documents or statements of relevant ministries / departments.
3. Pamphlets, memorandums, manifestoes and declarations of the relevant political parties, militant groups and NGOs operating in Lushai Hills and Mizoram.
4. Survey and interviews conducted by the scholar.

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Tuipang RD Block Office

Tuipang High School in HSLC Result Lawm

Tuipang High School chuan kum 2007 a an school HSLC result chu vawiin khan an lawm.He result lawmna in khawmah hian Pu S.Lalremthanga Executive Member,MADC chu Chief Guest a ni a.He school hi a ropui a,mi chhuanawm tak tak te lo chher chhuak tu a nih avangin vawiin HSLC pass thar te pawhin an sulhnu rawn chhui zel tur leh tumruhna nei turin a chah.

Pu V.Lalengmawia BDO Tuipang pawhin Matric pass hi mihring kan nih chhoh zelna tura kailawn hmasa ber a ni a.Zir na chu hmun hrang hrangah pawh zir mah ila,taima tak leh tumruhna nena zir zel turin a chah a.Hlawhtlinna chu taimak leh tuarchhelna vang a ni tih zirlaite a hrilh bawk.

He hun hi Pi Nungo Azyu,Headmisstress in a kaihruai a.Tlaiah lawmna ruai kil ho nghal a ni bawk.

Saiha DC in Bial Fang

Saiha DC Pu HP Sahu IAS chuan Tuipang RD Block chhunga khua zawng zawng chu ni 8 April leh 10th April 2008 chhung khan a fang chhuak.Saiha DC hian Tongkolong atangin Lomasu leh Bymari te kalin,Khaikhy,Leisai,Lingpuk thleng a kal a.A kal naah hian tunlaia tam dan a en fiah zel bawk.Khaw tinah buhfai dinhmun a en zel bawk a.DC hi thingtlang miten an lo thla muan pui hle a ni.

DC zin hi Pu Donny Lalruatsanga ADC,Pu K.Chhuabei,Dy,Chairman,MADC leh officer tha hnem tawk takin an tawiawm a.Ni 11 April 2008 khan dam takin Saiha an thleng leh ta a ni.

Ram tana chawngheia tawngtaina Tuipangah nei mek

Tuipanga kohhran hrang hrangte chuan Salem Kohhran Biak In ah ram tana chawngheia tawngtaina an nei mek.He tawngtaina ah hian kohhran mi an tel tha hnem hle a.Chawnghei tak tak te pawh an awm hlawm a ni.Chawnghei ve lem lo a langa tawngtai engemaw zat an awm bawk.Heng langa tawngtai ho hian chaw ngheia tawngtai te an tibuai deuh tih thu thu rinawm tak atangin dawn a ni bawk.

He tawngtaina hi tun chawlhni hian a tawp ang.

Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA)-Detailed Project Report

CONTENTS
Page No
Contents i
1. Introduction 1
2. Objective of Tuipang PURA 1
3. Executive Summary 2-6
a)Background of the Project 2
b)Reason for backwardness 2
4. Intervention Plan & likely economic impact 3-6
a)Animal Husbandry 3
b)Pisciculture 3
c)Human Resource Development 3-4
d)Community Assets 4
e)Market Facility 5
f)Rural Water Supply 5
g)Rural Health 5
h)Rural Connectivity 6
i)Power Sector 6
j)Irrigation and Land Development 6
5. Cluster Villages 7
6. Profile of Tuipang PURA 8-12
a)Geographical Location & Area 8
b)Human Resources 8
c)Employment Status 9
d)Geo Resources 9
e)A Glimpse of civic Amenities 9
f)Connectivity Status 9-12
7. Identification of Critical Gaps 12
8. Identified Areas of Schemes 12-19
a)Water Harvesting 12-13
b)Irrigation & Land Development 13-14
c)Rural Road 14-15
d)Health Sector 15-16
e)Public Infrastructure 16
f)Small Scale Industries 16-17
g)Power Sector 17
h)Market Facility 17-18
i)Women Development 18
j)Animal Husbandry and Pisciculture 19
9. Exit Protocol 19
10. Supporting Agencies 19
11. Annexure I 20
12. Annexure II 21
13. Annexure III 22
14. Annexure IV 23
15. Annexure V 24-32

PROVIDING URBAN AMENITIES IN RURAL AREAS (PURA)
TUIPANG RD BLOCK

INTRODUCTION : Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA) is a Central Government scheme aiming at villages be made as attractive as the cities or towns to contain rural out-migration.PURA is another example for creating rural wealth and prosperity. The model envisages a habitat designed to improve the quality of life in rural places and makes special suggestions to remove urban congestion also.PURA under Tuipang RD Block has been proposed as a model project suitable for the rural folks with the knowledge support provided by the government and other community based organizations or NGOs with active people’s participation. PURA’s objective is based on what is called “village-centric development”. Knowledge powered rural development is an essential need for transforming this area into a knowledge power and high bandwidth rural connectivity is the minimum requirement to take education, health care and economic activities to the rural areas. Such Model of establishing a circular connectivity among the rural village complexes will accelerate rural development process by empowerment.Tuipang PURA is about distributing economic activity among a group of villages and then connecting these villages so that people are constantly moving from one village to another to get something achieved.

The Draft Tuipang PURA is about to develop promotion of entrepreneurship in relevant areas to have a sustainable economic activity in Tuipang PURA region.This project is about advisory,training and information services and marketing support and an access to capital.

1.0. OBJECTIVE OF TUIPANG PURA

To evolve a ‘balanced–regional development’ with adequate contents and connectivity including social and physical connectivity with appropriate self–governance directions to demonstrate and show a self-reliant and self-sufficient village community of about 13,000 rural population.

2.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 Background of the Project

Providing Urban Amenities in the Rural Areas (PURA) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme to address the problems of the villages for its linkages with the urban facilities at the rural areas so that rural area are also as attractive as the urban areas and also to stop out migration of rural folks to the urban areas thereby solving the congestion of the cities or towns.

The main thrust put upon the Tuipang PURA Plan has been establishment and consolidation of physical and social gaps identified in each and every sector like physical and socio-economic infrastructure,human resource development,electronic connectivity and power sector.Through the Tuipang PURA,what has remain the backward region or block becomes a forward block or region.

2.2 Reasons for backwardness

Tuipang area has been a backward area in terms of physical and socio-economic activities since a long time due to its remoteness and its difficult terrain.Tuipang was once one of the headquarters of army for the southern command during the British period.Even though its prominence during the British period,it has always been backward.This is largely because of absence of good transport and communication facilities,health and medical services,educational facilities and other social infrastructure.This region remains cut off from the mainstream commercial activities for a very long time.Its hilly and rugged topographic structure,scarcity of water,absence of civic amenities have always compel them to live under subsistence level only.

The successive governments of Mizoram had and have always tried its best to uplift their socio-economic status,the funds earmarked for this region are somewhat insufficient.Above all,people are also ignorant,they lack knowledge in their pursuit of higher and technical education.The rugged terrain,primitive method of farming,ignorance,bad communication facilities and lack of irrigation facilities have also contributed to low productivity in this area.High run off water has forced the farmers to cultivate dry land crop without sufficient productivity.

2.3. Intervention Plan & its likely Economic Impact

2.3.1 Animal Husbandry:

Tuipang PURA region has the potentiality in the development animal husbandry.There are numerous Self Help Groups (SHGs) functioning in the villages.These SHGs undertake piggery,poultry,cattle rearing and mithun rearing and other dairy farming on a modest scale mainly to supplement their meager income from agriculture.To accelerate their economic activities,it has been proposed to organize awareness campaign and sensitization programme on various activities under animal husbandry and dairy farming for rural people especially those who are members of SHGs or those who are engaged in the field.Animal Dispensaries may also be constructed at the critical villages for timely monitoring of the health status of cattle,poultry and other animals conditions.Mobile Clinic for animals may also be taken up.Since Tuipang PURA is very close to the Myanmar border,it is felt necessary to develop animal husbandry activities in this area in terms of productivity,dispensaries and mobile clinics.

2.3.2 Pisciculture

The Tuipang PURA region is endowed with great potententiality and opportunity for development of pisciculture as medium-sized rivers of Saiha District traverse through the land creating opprtunities for the development of farm pond.People of the region have been rearing fish for decades but due to shortage of fingerlings,inadequate infrastructure and absence of credit and funds,the output remains stagnant at a subsistence levels..In order to increase production of fish,it is proposed that fish farm pond may be developed at various villages under Tuipang PURA region.

2.3.3 Human Resource Development

Development of human resources is one of the pre-requisites of every development plan.It is hope to achieve human resource development by pursuing the following schemes:

A. Education : Under Tuipang PURA,it has been intended to construct additional class room for existing schools,new buildings,laboratory rooms,library rooms and providing teaching aids to enhance the teaching capability etc.Besides these,water storage tanks will also be constructed at various places.Awareness campaing on career and other related subjects will also be taken up to students especially the interior villages under Tuipang PURA.This scheme will benefit many students at various villages and open a new chapter in their pursuit of career after passing Matriculate.Use of information technology will also be proposed in a big way where power supply is available.

B. Employment : Through Self Help Groups,employment to village economy is proposed to be increades and beneficiaries will also be provided train ing on their respective trade or key activity.The operationalisation of scheme will be in accordance with the guidelines of SGSY with the active participation of NGOS,Banks and line departments.

C. Use of Information Technology : Tuipang PURA region is blessed with a well connectivity of internet facility at Tuipang BDO Office and at the SSA office with Community Information Centre.V-SAT had already installed in three places at Tuipang.However,people do not know the importance of internet facility and the initiative under Tuipang PURA will greatly help villagers benefit by bridging villages closer to district headquarters,job hunting through internet.It will also help reduce huge expenditure incurred for getting information for various documents etc.

2.3.4 Community Assets

Community assets like playground,community halls,auditorium etc are the basic necessities to develop villages in terms of physical and social infrastructure.There are numerous villages where public playground and community halls for public meeting etc totally absent.It is therefore,aimed at linking critical gaps in community assets like playground,community hall,auditorium,public recrearional centres and public playground.

2.3.5 Marketing Facility

Village Markets are somewhat absent in the Tuipang PURA region.However,there are few village markets which do not cater to actual need of the villagers or farmers.Village market is available at Tuipang,Zawngling and Theiri villages only.The scheme tries to construct village markets for the farmers to sell their produces at various villages.This will greatly benefit 2500 farmers in the Tuipang PURA area.

2.3.6 Rural Water Supply

Water remains the highest important agenda in the world today.Scientists predict water war in the near future.Even though water war is not imminent under Tuipang PURA region,water scarcity is the biggest problem faced.The supply of clean drinking water is essential for development of human in terms of thinking,reason and health.Rural people do not usually get enough clean drinking water.There is water storage tanks at Tuipang constructed by Public Health Engineering Deptt and minor tankys are also available in Zawngling,Lungpuk etc.It is therefore proposed that water supply be provided to these villagers by constructing water harvesting tanks at various villages.

2.3.7 Rural Health

Basic health and medical services is more or less absent in the Tuipang PURA region except Tuipang village.There is a wide gap in infrastructure particularly in basic medical equipments,outreach programme and limited capacity of PHC and Health Sub-Centres.It has been proposed that additional building be constructed at Tuipang PHC,Health Sub-Centres be constructed at various villages which do not have one.Toilets and urinals,rest sheds for the out patients may also be constructed at Tuipang PHC and other Health Sub-Centres.This scheme will hope to bridge the rural-urban divide in health sector and check maternal mortality death,lowering death rate of the infants,widening immunization coverage and improve institutional delivery and extension of family planning programme.

2.3.8 Rural Connectivity

The main thrust of the scheme is the rural connectivity so that all villages under Tuipang PURA be connected through all-weathered roads therby eases movement of goods and transport especially essential commodities of the villages from the headquarters.Road sector will also help easy disposal of the output from the farmers,easy acessability of headquarters,schools,markets etc.This will reduce cost for goods and services within Tuipang PURA area and improve market access for agriculture-based products.

2.3.9 Power Sector

The total capacity of the power in the Tuipang PURA region is only 200 KVA, however due to heavy transmission and distribution losses suffered by the line department and other electricity thefts at various villages, sufficient power supply cannot be received from the existing 200 KVA installed capacity.It is seen that the state government is not able to extend power supply to the PURA villages,it has been proposed that solar energy lights be provided and distributed to the villagers.This will greatly benefit the villagers in their socio-economic lives,their educational fields etc.Villagers at Lungpuk and Vahai Clusters will greatly benefit this scheme.


2.4.0 Irrigation and Land Development


Irrigation potential being limited,rain fed agriculture is predominant in the area.People at this region practised a very primitive method of cultivation i.e jhumming cultivation.This kind of cultivation does not yield much harvest and a need has felt that a more permanent type of farming may be explored.


It is therefore,proposed that the lands belonging to these farmers be irrigated in a large scale so that they may not shift their lands year after year.The Scheme also aims at providing land leveling by constructing terraces at various cluster villages. This will also greatly help the poor farmers who could not afford to get irrigation canals and land levelling at their fields.This is also environmentally friendly where burning and felling of trees may be stopped.Irrigation canals will greatly help increase their foodgrain and other cash crops production.By this,more efficiency and more productivity may be maintained.Irrigation and land development will lead to more productivity in foodgrain and will ease the severe starvation of the region.This project will bring about increase in the supply of fruits,foodgrains and vegetables,improving nutritional status of the farming communities and diversification of agriculture towards cash crops.


3.0 CLUSTER VILLAGES

Tuipang PURA has identified four cluster groups of villages

Name of Cluster with villages Population Major activities

►Tuipang
▫Tuipang Bazar - 600 population Cultivation
▫Tuipang Venglai- 976 population Cultivation
▫Tuipang Dairy - 1850 population Cultivation
▫Theiri - 605 population Cultivation
▫Tuisih - 1103 population Cultivation

►Zawngling
▫Zawngling - 1950 population Cultivation
▫Chapui - 1000 population Cultivation
▫Siatlai - 335 population Cultivation
▫Chheihhlu - 534 population Cultivation
▫Mawhre - 582 population Cultivation

►Vahai
▫Vahai - 916 population Cultivation
▫Laki - 954 population Cultivation
▫Khopai - 646 population Cultivation

►Lungpuk
▫Lungpuk - 562 population Cultivation
▫Mipu - 213 population Cultivation
▫Supha - 148 population Cultivation
▫Leisai - 213 population Cultivation
▫Khaikhy - 169 population Cultivation


4.0. PROFILE OF TUIPANG PURA REGION


Tuipang PURA region falls under Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC) area with headquarters at Saiha.Tuipang is the sub-headquarters of MADC and a sub-divisional headquarters of civil administration of Mizoram government.It is also a RD Block headquarters.The proposed Tuipang PURA area is one of the most important areas in the Saiha District. The Tuipang PURA region includes the four number of clusters with 18 villages . The draft Tuipang PURA has eighteen Village Councils (Village Panchayats). The region with 1261 households has a population of 13,356 (approximate). The population of Scheduled Tribe persons accounts for cent percent of the total population.The non-working population covers more than 95 percent of the total population.


4.1. Geographical Location and Area


The Tuipang PURA region is located in the southern most tip of Mizoram bordering Mynamar in the east,Lawngtlai District of Mizoram to the west and Saiha RD Block on the north.Tuipang village is connected by a very well surfaced road from Aizawl with National Highway No.54.The National Highway No.54 ends here.Extension of National Highway upto Lungpuk village is under progress and reached Khopai village as on 31st March 2008.


4.2. Human Resources:


Around 65% of the population in Tuipang PURA region is literate. The literacy rate is considerably higher among males. However, except, Tuipang, total numbers of graduates and post–graduates are very meagre. Persons with professional qualification are more or less totally absent within the proposed Tuipang PURA Region.

4.3. Employment Status:

Majority of the rural population in the PURA region depend on agriculture.Few are in government service like School teachers.Rural artisans like carpenters etc are very few.The livelihood opportunity in this region is quite low.On the agriculture side, Zawngling and Lotai villages are very active and they produce a large numbers of vegetables for local market and its nearby villages.


4.4. Geographical Resources:


Since the region is very backward in term of socio–economic resources and , very remote, there is no much geographical resources in the region. The whole region falls under monsoon climate and hence receives surplus rain during the monsoon period. The surface run off of the area is quite high due to its physiographic structures. This has resulted in acute water shortage in the villages on which almost of villages are located on the hill top


4.5. A glimpse of Civic amenities:


A considerable numbers of households have individual toilets in all villages with traditional pit latrines. Ration shops are located in all villages which enable distribution of essential commodities and basic necessities to the needy villagers.

Individual houses belonging to Scheduled Tribe families who fall under BPL category are constructed under PMGY and IAY by the government through RD Blocks.

The region has one Primary Health Centre catering to the health services of the region. The region is served by the Government Hospital i.e. PHC at Tuipang. There are few Sub–Centres at almost of villages within Tuipang PURA region.

4.6. Connectivity Status:

Physical Connectivity

All the villages within Tuipang PURA region are well connected by a network of roads between various villages.However,roads within the villages are improperly maintained and due to limited financial constraints,maintenance and improvement of roads,construction of new internal roads within these villages is an important task to perform.


In order to arrest this under-development,the plan aims the following goals:
- to improve the existing roads thereby ensuring safe & fast transport facility, uninterrupted, rural marketing, job opportunity, besides improving health and hygiene.
- to develop health and hygiene ensuring a hale and hearty life to the villages


Energy Connectivity


Electricity in the region is quite unsatisfactory.The installed capacity of power supply is not enough to generate the whole Tuipang PURA region to get moving to human development.It is therefore proposed to install solar energy in all villagesPower and electricity supply in the Lungpuk clusters is totally ansent no initiatives have been taken in this area by the government so far.


E – Connectivity


Most of the households at Tuipang villages have telephones or very few have mobile phones. WLL has not made any inroads. The villages at Siatlai, Lotai, Zawngling, Theiri and and other cluster villages do not have any telephone. Internet is available in Tuipang. DTH is becoming very popular with the rural household in Tuipang Cluster villages. It is,therefore intended to aim:


- to establish mass communication systems such as telephone, community radio, internet etc., ensuring the latest information exchange.
- to make the people be aware of daily market rate for their products, weather, Agri,information,government schemes and latest technology that could be adopted.
- to make the villagers interact with experts on agriculture, doctors and other officials


Business Connectivity


The region does not have a well–defined business direction and is heavily dependent on the Saiha town which is capital headquarters of Saiha District. Commercial banks or Co–operative banks are totally absent and the majority of the villagers hailing from Tuipang PURA region have to commute to banks functioning at Saiha town which is 150 kilometres or more from these villages.


Knowledge Connectivity

The region is endowed with minor network of education institutions from pre-schools to high schools as shown below

High School: Government High School at Tuipang
Government High School at Zawngling
Government High School at Tuisih
New Light English School at Tuipang


Middle School: Government Middle School at Tuipang
Government Middle School II at Tuipang
Government Middle School at Zawngling
Government Middle School at Theiri
Government Middle School at Tuisih
Government Middle School at Siatlai
New Light English School at Tuipang
R.R English School at Tuipang
BMES School at Tuipang
Children Guiding School at Zawngling.


Primary School: Government Primary School I at Tuipang
Government Primary School II at Tuipang.
Government Primaty School III at Tuipang.
Government Primary School at Zawngling
Government Primary School at Theiri
Government Primary School at Tuisih
R.R English School at Tuipang
BMES School at Tuipang
New Light English School at Tuipang.



The project then,aims the following as the model schemes to augment knowledge and skills of the rural students:
-to create job awareness by providing training on entrepreneurship and handicrafts.
-to provide opportunities for marketing the products of agriculture and allied professions imparting technical skills.
-to undertake developmental activities instilling the concept of saving and utility.
-to encourage the villagers to involve in simple new and profitable business.


Social Connectivity


The region is blessed with a web of community–based organizations. A very strong and vibrant presence of NGOs has helped in promoting a strong network of social and community harmony. The most popular NGOs/CBOs being Mara Thotlia Py (MTP) Young Mizo Association (YMA), Mara Chano Py (MCHP) and Mizoram Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl (MHIP).

Self Help Groups (SHGs) under SGSY are also functioning in the field of chilly growing, livestock rearing and petty trade and have federated themselves into a viable business organization with the help of the Rural Development Department, Mizoram.


5.0. IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL GAPS

* Remoteness and lack of infrastructure-poor roads
* Undulating topography and climate conditions
* Lack of finance and entrepreneurial skills
* Lack of technical expertise,marketing channel and extension services
* Poor Water Supply
* Absence of proper primary health and medical services
* Shortage for building for public utilities



6.0. IDENTIFIED AREAS OF SCHEMES


The schemes may be identified as follow to cater the needs of the Tuipang PURA region. These identified items of work/schemes are based on the actual needs of the Tuipang PURA region. The perspective of this programme is to enhance the development in villages with all basic facilities like schools, roads, lighting, water, communication,agriculture,irrigation and land development,animal husbandry with pisciculture, health, employment and income in order to arrest migration to bigger towns.


6.1. WATER HARVESTING


Under the proposed Tuipang PURA, water problems remain very high.It has to be accorded priority so that these cluster villages will have adequate supply of clean and healthy drinking water supply. Water Supply facility has been proposed to install at various strategic points including places of public interest,schools,markets,community halls.The Government of Mizoram also took great initiatives in providing clean drinking water to the rural villages like in the cluster villages of Tuipang, Lungpuk,Vahai and Zawngling clusters. The World Vision project of water harvesting scheme at Theiri is also being completed very shortly.


S/No Village Types of Water Harvesting Capacity Line Deptt Remarks
1. Tuipang River 10,000 lits PHE
2. Siatlai River/Rain 5000 lits PHE
3. Zawngling River/Rain 10,000 lits PHE
4. Theiri River/Rain NA World Vision
5. Tuisih Nil Nil Nil
6. Lungpuk River/Rain 700 lits PHE
7. Khaikhy Nil Nil Nil
8. Leisai Nil Nil Nil
9. Supha Nil Nil Nil
10. Mipu Nil Nil Nil
11. Khopai River Water Point PHE
12. Laki River Water Point PHE
13. Vahai River Water Point PHE
14. Mawhre Nil Nil Nil
15. Chheihlu River Water Point PHE
16. Chapui River Water Point PHE
17. Zawngling River 10000 lits PHE
18. Tuipang Venglai Nil Nil Nil
19. Tuipang Dairy Nil Nil Nil
20. Zawngling Lotai R iver Water Point PHE

Source:Data collected through concerned Village Councils


Being the supply of clean drinking water is the basic necessity for the development of human resources and yet the reality is that rural people do not get sufficient clean drinking water where it was thought to be abundant. It is therefore intended to providing water supply to village inhabitants of 1200 households in these five villages. The rain water harvesting structure may be constructed in a pivot and strategic points like near and around school buildings, community hallsl,ocal market sheds and other appropriate areas.



6.2. IRRIGATION OF FARMS AND LAND DEVELOPMENT


Irrigation of farms has been almost absent in the proposed Tuipang PURA region. No activities or initiatives have been done from the line department i.e. Agriculture Department. The Tuipang PURA region has always come across acute water shortages in all villages during the summer season. The area around Tuipang Lui, Tuisih Lui, Ramri Lui and Siatlai Lui may be irrigated.Again,due to absence of technical expertise and lack of adequate knowledge and infrastructure,land belonging to farmers who are generally poor are not developed.


They have to cut down trees this year for cultivation of foodgrains and other vegetables and crops and leave for another places next year.This kind of jhumming cultivation is quite primitive and one of the hazards of our environment.The scheme then tries to stop this practice so that higher yield may be explored in terms of agriculture. From the data collected from concerned Village Councils,the the land available for irrigation may be viewed.

Source:Data collected from village concerned
S/No Name of Village Area to be Irrigated Source of River
1. Tuipang 3000 Ha (approximate) Ramri Lui, Tuipang Lui
2. Siatlai 1000 Ha (approximate) Siatlai Lui
3. Tuisih 2600 Ha (approximate) Tuisih Lui
4. Zawngling 3000 Ha (approximate) Ngiava Lui, Tuisih Lui
5. Lotai 900 Ha (approximate) Ngioa Lui, Tuisih Lui
6. Lungpuk 2340 Ha River Sala,River Thingdawl
7. Khaikhy 670 Ha River Sala
8. Leisai 1090 Ha River Sala
9. Mipu 890 Ha River Sala
10. Supha 670 Ha River Sala
11. Khopai 2350 Ha River Tuisih
12. Laki 2550 Ha River Tuisih
13. Vahai 2690 Ha Tuipang River
14. Theiri 2300 Ha Tuipang River
15. Mawhre 2430 Ha Tichhei Lui
16. Chheihlu 2370 Ha Chichei Lui
17. Chapui 2900 Ha Tuipui Lui



6.3. CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS


Rural connectivity is the first and foremost important in the rural development schemes so that basic essential commodities of the rural region may easily be transported without difficulties. Since the proposed Tuipang PURA region receives a lot of Government attention in terms of rural development works, road connectivity has been given prior importance. However, due to its remoteness, its topographic structures and heavy rainfall, road connections in Tuipang PURA region has always been disrupted during the rainy season.


The main objective of the scheme under this sector is to connect through all weather roads to potential areas that include government offices,town halls, villages council houses, medical centres or health sub–centres, local market place and educational institutions. This scheme will also aim at construction of horticulture and agriculture link roads for easy transportation of their produce from their farm.


Improvement in road access, capacity, quality and safety should help increased economic and social development, better accessibility to health and education services for a large number of rural folks and lower costs for goods and services within the proposed Tuipang PURA region and improved market access for horticulture and agriculture–based products.

Besides these, better road connections will also help educational services of the rural students in their social activities.

6.4. HEATH CENTRES


Under Health Sector, the proposed Tuipang PURA has the following health services centers as below.


S/No Name of Village Type of Health center available Remarks
1. Tuipang PHC Medical Officer available
2. Zawngling Sub-Centre Health Worker available
3. Siatlai Nil Nil
4. Theiri Nil Nil
5. Tuisih Sub-Centre Health Worker available
6. Lungpuk Nil Nil
7. Khaikhy Nil Nil
8. Leisai Nil Nil
9. Supha Nil Nil
10. Mipu Nil Nil
11. Vahai Sub-Centre Health Worker
12. Laki Sub-Centre Nil
13. Khopai Nil Nil
14 Chapui Sub-Centre Health Worker
15. Mawhre Nil Nil
16. Chheihlu Nil Nil
17. Lotai Sub-Centre Health Worker
Source:PHC,Tuipang


Under this sector, it has been proposed that the building of the Tuipang PHC be repaired or upgraded. Rest shed for the out–patients and basic civic amenities’ like construction of bathrooms, urinal and toilets will be constructed in the Tuipang PHC. Again, in other villages like Lungpuk,Zawngling,Vahai and Tuipang clusters, construction of health centre has been proposed and additional room may also be constructed in those villages already having a Sub – Centre with provision of sanitary latrines and urinals.


By constructing new and repair of existing buildings, this will indirectly benefit the rural population by reducing huge expenditure incurred in journey to other places for medical check – up. All those villagers have to commute to Saiha hospital for better treatment involving a lot of financial expenditure.


This scheme also aims to strengthen rural health services delivery mechanism by constructing residential quarters for health workers, facilities to Sub–Centres, training of Anganwedi workers in basic heath services.


Therefore, this scheme will bring hope to bridge the rural–urban divide in health sector and check maternal mortality ratio, lowering death rate of the new borns and infants, widening immunization coverage, improvement of institutional delivery and extension of family planning programmes. This sector will greatly benefit the rural population and will definitely change the health profile of the proposed Tuipang PURA region in a considerable manner.


6.5. PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE

The proposed Tuipang PURA region did not receive sufficient attention in term of development from the Government. Therefore, the schemes aim at filling the critical errors in the public infrastructure. The community assets or infrastructure including playground, community hall, indoor sport stadium, etc. are the most important identified areas to promote spirit of fraternity among different villages and promote the skills of youth in games and sports. The proposed Tuipang PURA region had sent a state–wide sport players in the field of badminton, table tennis, boxing, volleyball and football.

Under the sector, the scheme will greatly benefit the rural enthusiastic sports lovers and players by constructing standard playground for Tuipang, volleyball court and basketball court at Tuipang, Lungpuk,Mipu,Vahai Zawngling,Theiri and Tuisih, etc and Community Hall–cum Indoor Stadium at Tuipang Bazar to facilitate the sporting skills of the rural youth in badminton, boxing and table tennis.



6.6. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES


Under Proposed Tuipang PURA, there is no small scale industries at all. Moreover, small scale industries are totally absent in Tuipag RD Block area. However, there are numerous talents and initiatives being came up recently in the field of chilly procering industry at Zawngling, dairy milk industry at Siatlai and Turmeric processing unit at Tuipang. All these initiative are under the SGSY.


Under this sector, it has been aimed to construct Turmeric Processing Unit at Tuipang where many farmers or families are involved in cultivation of Turmeric rhizome which also happened to be one of the main initiatives of the Department of Agriculture and Department of Horticulture under Govt of Mizoram. Again, in the Siatlai village they formed Self Help Groups (SHGs) with cattle rearing as their main activating. However, due to absence of demands of local market and non–availability of the demand, supply of milk has also been stopped. The people of Zawngling village are also very active in farming activities. They produce a good large number of chillies. Likewise,orange is produced abundantly in the areas aroumd the Lungpuk Cluster.


However, they also faced a problem due to absence of good local market and absence of non–availability of processing unit of chillies. If help be rendered to these villages by providing adequate and sufficient machines or small scale processing unit, out–migration to urban areas may be minimized and will greatly benefit rural households in their social and economic status.



6.7. POWER / RENEWABLE ENERGY


The total capacity of the power in the proposed Tuipang PURA region is only 200 KVA, however due to heavy transmission and distribution losses suffered by the line department and other electricity thefts at various villages, sufficient power supply cannot be received from the existing 200 KVA installed capacity.


Power and electricitry supply is totally absent in the Lungpuk Cluster villages.In these village,it may be advisable to distribute the conventional type of energy instruments like solar energy etc.


Moreover, power supply at Tuipang PURA region is quite unsatisfactory. No power supply has been received for continuous 14 days in some occasions. Therefore, under this sector, it has been proposed that installation of conventional type of energy instruments like solar water heating system, solar photovoltaic lamp, solar lighting system etc be distributed to the community to ease the critical gaps in power supply due to limited installed capacity.


6.8. VILLAGE MARKETS


The proposed Tuipang PURA region is economically, socially and physically backward. Though a lot of ventures had been and have been explored by the State Government in providing adequate mechanism to dispose of their agriculture and horticulture products, absence of a good village market for village produces is the most critical problem. The following table clearly indicates market availability at various:

S/No Name of Village/Clusters Types of Building Agency
1. Tuipang Dairy Semi–RCC with 10 vending seats World Vision
2. Tuipang Bazar RCC. Abandoned LAD
3. Tuiapng Venglai Nil Nil
4. Zawngling Semi RCC. Not completed Nil
5. Lotai Nil Nil
6. Tuisih Nil Nil
7. Siatlai Nil Nil
8. Lungpuk Clusters Nil Nil
9. Vahai Clusters Nil Nil
10. Zawngling Clusters Nil Nil
11. Theiri RCC Govt
Source:Data collected from village council concerned


Under this scheme, it is intended to construct village markets, market sheds for agriculture produces at various villages within the vicinity of good transport and communication system. Marketing facilities will greatly benefit these villages by quick disposal of their agriculture produces at the shortest possible period.


Thus, the scheme will benefit about 1200 rural households under the proposed Tuipang PURA region with good marketing facilities, which is also crucial in the development of agriculture sector. This will help the farmers generate profitable surplus for their produces.


6.9. DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN

Women are the critical feature of the village community.They should be empowered through their social and economic activities.They should be a part of a decision making process at the village levels which happens to be the grassroot level of democracy by voicing their plight and their concerns.Prosperity to women could not be achieved without proper care and attention of women and girl child.

Empowerment of women will be done through formation of Self Help Groups so that their socio-economic empowerment be achieved by themselves .In order to tackle the problems of women in the Tuipang PURA region, it is proposed that a very strong and vibrant Self Help Groups for women will be formed in each and every PURA clusters within Tuipang PURA. This will benefit at least 3000-4000 women including girl child who live in the remote villages. By doing this, development of women may be achieved in respect of health of mothers and children, nutrition , sanitation and free from malnutrition and undernourishment of the pregnant women.


6.10 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & PISCICULTURE


People under Tuipang PURA region are engaged in activities of poultry farming,piggery,hill cattle rearing,farm pond and mithun rearing.These activities are mainly through formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) under SGSY.There are various SHGs with cattle rearing activities which are very successful in dairy farming.However,due to lack of infrastructure and technical expertise,they are facing a problem in storing their products.It is therefore necessary to provide cold storage facility for their milk products.This will help the entire population of Siatlai and Theiri villages.

7.0. EXIT PROTOCOL


The mechanism to maintain the assets created under various sectors under PURA will be handed over to Village Councils (Village Panchayats) concerned,User Groups,NGOs/CBOs and beneficiaries for future maintenance.


8.0 SUPPORTING AGENCIES

Sl.No Economic Survey Services
1 Rural Development Block Training,employment & Material
2 Primary Health Centre Training
3 Mara Autonomous District Council Training,employment & Material
4 Government High School Training
5 Power & Electricity Deptt Training & technical know how
6 Public Health Engineering Training & employment
7 Environment & Forest Deptt Training & employment
8 Police Deptt Man power Development
9 Telecom Deptt Training
10 Agriculture Deptt Training,material & employment
11 Fisheries Deptt Training & material


9.0 Sectoral Allocation & Clusterwise Allocation

CLUSTER-WISE ALLOCATION

Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
1 TUIPANG CLUSTER
1.01 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 2 Tuipang Bazar 10.00
1.02 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Tuipang Venglai 5.00
1.03 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 2 Tuisih 10.00
1.04 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 2 Theiri 10.00
1.05 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Tuipang Dairy 5.00
1.06 Micro-irrigation Canal for Zawlsei at Tuipang with 3 Tuipang Dairy 20.00
Water Harvesting Chamber
1.07 Micro-irrigation Canal for Chacha at Tuipang with 2 Tuipang Dairy 20.00
Water Harvesting Chamber
1.08 Constn of road between Coffee Plantation and 5km Theiri 3.00
1.09 Constn of road between Tuipang Bazar and SDO © 5km Tuipang Bazar 3.00
1.10 Constn of RCC culvert at Khurpui 5x2x3m Tuipang Dairy 1.50
1.11 Constn of side drain below Playground 100 RM Tuisih 2.00
1.12 Constn of stone masonry steps from HC Modia In 70 RM Tuipang Dairy 1.80
to Dairy Tuikhur
1.13 Constn of stone masonry steps from BRTF road to 80 RM Tuipang Dairy 1.80
Dairy Middle School
1.14 Constn of Retaining Wall below Salem Biak In at 15x3m Tuipang Venglai 2.30
1.15 Constn of Retaining Wall below T.Seido In 15x3m Tuipang Bazar 2.30
1.16 Constn of Retaining Wall below IKK Biak In 15x3m Tuipang Bazar 2.30
1.17 Constn of RCC culvert between C.Khakho In and 4x1.5x1m Tuisih 1.45
J.Seii In
1.18 Constn of Rest Shed at Tuipang PHC 1 Tuipang Venglai 2.00
1.19 Constn of Rest Shed at Tuisih Health Sub-Centre 1 Tuisih 2.00
1.20 Constn of Toilets for PHC Tuipang 3 Tuipang Venglai 2.75
1.21 Constn of Toilets for Health Sub-Centre at Tuisih 2 Tuisih 1.80
1.22 Constn of Urinals at PHC Tuipang 3 Tuipang Venglai 1.00
1.23 Constn of Urinals at Health Sub-Centre at Tuisih 1 Tuisih 0.50
1.24 Mobile Clinic at villages within Tuipang Cluster 10 Tuipang Cluster 5.00
1.25 Constn of Community Hall at Tuipang Venglai 1 Tuipang Venglai 20.00
1.26 Constn of Auditorium-cum-Recreational Centre at 1 Tuipang Bazar 30.00
Tuipang Bazar
1.27 Improvement and renovation af Public Playground 1 Tuisih 1.00
at Tuisih
1.28 Constn of Volleyball Court at Tuipang Dairy 1 Tuipang Dairy 2.50
1.29 Constn of Volleyball Court at Tuipang Bazar 1 Tuipang Bazar 2.50
1.30 Constn of Basketball Court at Tuipang Venglai 1 Tuipang Venglai 2.50



25
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
1 TUIPANG CLUSTER (cont…)
1.31 Renovation and improvement of Playground at 1 Tuipang Venglai 5.00
Tuipang Venglai
1.32 Constn of RCC Pavillion at Tuisih 1 Tuisih 2.50
1.33 Constn of Building for Turmeric Processing Unit 1 Tuipang 6.00
1.34 Distribution of Solar Lights Units at various villages 50 Tuipang Cluster 10.00
1.35 Constn of Market Shed at Tuisih 1 Tuisih 3.00
1.36 Constn of Market Shed at Tuipang Dairy 1 Tuipang Dairy 3.00
1.37 Provision for Training of Tailoring for Women 1 Tuipang Venglai 8.00
1.38 Constn of Training Centre for Pickle Making 1 Tuipang Bazar 8.00
1.39 Constn of Day Care Centre for Infants 1 Tuipang Venglai 8.00
1.40 Constn of Library Building for Govt.High School 1 Tuipang Bazar 3.00
1.41 Constn of Library Building for Govt.High School 1 Tuisih 3.00
1.42 Constn of Library Building for Govt.Middle School I 1 Tuipang Bazar 3.00
1.43 Constn of Additional Room for Govt.High School 1 Tuipang Bazar 3.00
1.44 Constn of Laboratory Room for Govt.High School 1 Tuipang Bazar 3.00
1.45 Constn of Additional Room for BMES School 1 Tuipang Dairy 3.00
1.46 Constn of Additional Room for New Light School 1 Tuipang Venglai 3.00
1.47 Constn of Additional Room for RR School 1 Tuipang Dairy 3.00
1.48 Constn of Retaining Wall below YMA site 1 Tuipang Venglai 2.30
1.49 Constn of Library Building at YMA Site 1 Tuipang Venglai 3.00
1.50 Constn of Library Building at MTP Hall 1 Tuipang Venglai 5.00
1.51 Constn of Community Hall 1 Tuipang Venglai 10.00
1.52 Constn of Additional Room for Govt High School 1 Tuisih 3.00
1.53 Purchase of Computer Sets for Schools 25 Tuipang Cluster 100.00
1.54 Distribution of DTH Sets to Village Panchayats 50 Tuipang Cluster 3.00
1.55 Irrigation Canals 50 Tuipang Cluster 20.00
1.56 Animal Health Camps 10 Tuipang Cluster 5.00
1.57 Veterinary Dispensaries 3 Tuipang Cluster 9.00
1.58 Development of Farm Ponds 20 Tuipang Cluster 20.00
1.59 Land Development 50 Tuipang Cluster 20.00
1.60 Constn of Addl.Room at Anganwadi Centres 3 Tuipang Cluster 9.00
1.61 Constn of toilets and urinals at Anganwadi 5 Tuipang Cluster 5.00
1.62 Constn of hostels for rural students at Tuipang 2 Tuipang 30.00
1.63 Networking of line deptts/schools etc at Tuipang 15 Tuipang 15.00
1.64 Procurement of medical equipments like wheel Tuipang PHC 20.00
chair,portable x-ray machine,endoscopy etc






26
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
2 ZAWNGLING CLUSTER
2.01 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Zawngling 5.00
2.02 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Chapui 5.00
2.03 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Mawhre 5.00
2.04 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Chheihlu 5.00
2.05 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Siatlai 5.00
2.06 Micro-irrigation Canal for Aowtla Project with 1 Zawngling 25.00
Water Harvesting Chamber
2.07 Micro-irrigation Canal for Siatlai Lui with 1 Zawngling 20.00
Water Harvesting Chamber
2.08 Constn of internal road to Children Guiding School 1 Zawngling 3.00
2.09 Constn of side drain near Playground 50 RM Lotai/Zawngling 1.20
2.10 Constn of stone masonry steps from PWD road 50 RM Zawngling 1.20
and Children Guiding School
2.11 Constn of RCC culvert between near Tuikhur 1 Zawngling 1.50
2.12 Constn of Rest Shed at Zawngling Sub-Centre 1 Zawngling 2.00
2.13 Constn of Toilets for Health Sub-Centre 2 Zawngling 1.80
2.14 Constn of Toilets for Health Sub-Centre 2 Chapui 1.80
2.15 Constn of Urinals at Health Sub-Centre 2 Zawngling 1.80
2.16 Constn of Urinals at Health Sub-Centre 2 Chapui 1.80
2.17 Mobile Clinic at villages within Zawngling Cluster 10 Zawngling 5.00
2.18 Renovation of Community Hall at Chheihlu 1 Chheihlu 1.00
2.19 Constn of Auditorium-cum-Recreational Centre 1 Zawngling 10.00
2.20 Constn of Auditorium-cum-Recreational Centre 1 Chapui 10.00
2.21 Improvement and renovation af Public Playground 1 Zawngling 1.50
2.22 Constn of Volleyball Court 1 Chheihlu 2.00
2.23 Constn of Basketball Court 1 Mawhre 2.00
2.24 Constn of RCC Pavillion 1 Zawngling 2.00
2.25 Constn of RCC Pavillion 1 Mawhre 2.00
2.26 Constn of Health Sub-Centre 1 Mawhre 5.00
2.27 Constn of Health Sub-Centre 1 Chheihlu 5.00
2.28 Constn of Community Hall 1 Siatlai 10.00
2.29 Renovation of Hmolai Hall 1 Zawngling 5.00
2.30 Constn of Additional Room for Govt High School 1 Zawngling 3.00
2.31 Constn of Additional Room for Middle School 1 Siatlai 3.00
2.32 Constn of Additional Room for Govt High School 1 Chapui 3.00
2.33 Constn of Library Building for Govt High School 1 Zawngling 3.00
2.34 Constn of Library Building for Govt High School 1 Chapui 3.00
2.35 Constn of Library Building for Children Guiding School 1 Zawngling 3.00
2.36 Constn of building for Chillies Processing Unit 1 Zawngling 5.00
2.37 Constn of Milk Processing Unit 1 Siatlai 5.00


27
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
2 ZAWNGLING CLUSTER (Cont…)
2.38 Cold Storage Facility for Milk Products 1 Siatlai 5.00
2.39 Renovation of Hmolai Hall 1 Zawngling 3.00
2.40 Renovation and improvement of Playground 1 Zawngling 2.00
2.41 Renovation of Community Hall 1 Chheihlu 1.00
2.42 Constn of RCC Pavillion 1 Chapui 2.00
2.43 Constn of Community Hall 1 Siatlai 8.00
2.44 Distribution of Solar Lights Units at various villages 10 Zawngling 3.00
2.45 Constn of Market Shed 1 Chapui 3.00
2.46 Constn of Market Shed 1 Zawngling 3.00
2.47 Provision for Training of Tailoring for Women 200 Zawngling 5.00
2.48 Constn of Training Centre for Pickle Making 1 Zawngling 5.00
2.49 Constn of Day Care Centre for Infants 1 Chapui 5.00
2.50 Constn of Laboratory Room for Govt.High School 1 Zawngling 3.00
2.51 Constn of Laboratory Room for Govt.High School 1 Chapui 3.00
2.52 Purchase of Computer Sets for Schools 20 Zawngling 8.50
2.53 Constn of Retaining Wall near ECM Church 20x3m Chheihlu 2.00
2.54 Constn of RCC culvert near K.Riachho House 2x3x2m Chheihlu 1.50
2.55 Constn of RCC culvert near NT Salo House 3x3x2m Chheihlu 1.50
2.56 Constn of micro-irrigation channel to Hmyipia Project 500mts Chheihlu 3.50
2.57 Constn of micro-irrigation channel to Awtapo Project 3km Chheihlu 10.00
2.58 Constn of RCC culvert near Middle School 3x2x2m Mawhre 1.50
2.59 Constn of side drain between PWD road and 60 RM Mawhre 1.80
Water Point
2.60 Constn of side drain between Middle School and 100 RM Mawhre 2.20
Community Hall
2.61 Constn of side drain between N.Tonga House to 40 RM Mawhre 1.00
K.Diko House
2.62 Constn of RCC culvert between Vengthar & Biak In 4x3x4m Chapui 1.50
2.63 Constn of RCC culvert near Mara Khilo O 9x4x3 Chapui 1.50
2.64 Constn of RCC culvert between Khipo House and 4x3x3m Chapui 1.50
Sathy House
2.65 Constn of RCC culvert between Vengthar and 9x4x4m Chapui 1.50
Playground
2.66 Constn of RCC culvert at Thlanmual Kawng 5x3x3m Chapui 1.50
2.67 Constn of Retaining Wall below Riala House 15x3m Chapui 1.80
2.68 Constn of Retaining Wall near K.Rapai House 4x2m Chapui 0.80
2.69 Constn of Retaing Wall near Sathy House 6x5m Chapui 0.90
2.70 Constn of stone masonry step between Bilai House 35x4m Chapui 1.35
and Hnaima House
2.71 Constn of stone masonry step between Laive House 100x4m Chapui 3.85
and Pastor Qtrs

28
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
2 ZAWNGLING CLUSTER (Cont…)
2.72 Constn of stone masonry step between Saila House 50x4m Chapui 2.00
and Rechhau House
2.73 Constn of stone masonry step between Zachi House 110x4m Chapui 4.00
and K.Relei House
2.74 Constn of stone masonry step between Matu House 5x4m Chapui 0.40
and K.Rapai House
2.75 Constn of stone masonry step between Mara Khihla 90x4m Chapui 3.90
O to Thlanmual Kawng
2.76 Constn of RCC culvert between S.Sakho House 5x3m Zawngling 0.40
and C.chakho House
2.77 Constn of RCC culvert between L.Beingiasia House 6x4m Zawngling 0.60
and K.Beiralaw House
2.78 Constn of RCC culvert between T.Reithai House 6x4m Zawngling 0.60
and Ngaiche House
2.79 Constn of RCC culvert between S.Pasa House 6x4m Zawngling 0.60
and S.Heli House
2.80 Constn of RCC culvert between HT Leto House 6x4m Zawngling 0.60
and IKK Biak In
2.81 Constn of side drain between BRTF road to 200 RM Siatlai 2.85
Lawche House
2.82 Constn of side drain between BRTF road to 320 RM Siatlai 4.50
L.Vahi House
2.83 Constn of side drain between BRTF culvert to 55 RM Siatlai 0.75
NREGS culvert
2.84 Constn of stone masonry step between BRTF road 37x3m Siatlai 1.80
to B.Chilia House
2.85 Mobile Medical Clinic at various villages 10 Zawngling 5.00
2.86 Animal Health Camps 10 Zawngling Cluster 5.00
2.87 Veterinary Dispensaries 3 Zawngling Cluster 9.00
2.88 Irrigation Canals 50 Zawngling Cluster 20.00
2.89 Land Development 50 Zawngling Cluster 20.00
2.90 Development of Farm Pond 20 Zawngling Cluster 20.00
2.91 Constn of Addl.Room at Anganwadi Centres 3 Zawngling Cluster 9.00
2.92 Constn of toilets and urinals at Anganwadi 5 Zawngling Cluster 5.00
2.93 Provision of Cold Storage Facility 1 Siatlai 8.00







29
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
3 VAHAI CLUSTER
3.01 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Vahai 5.00
3.02 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Khopai 5.00
3.03 Constn of Water Reservoir Tank 1 Laki 5.00
3.04 Constn of Rest Shed at Health Sub-Centre 1 Vahai 5.00
3.05 Constn of Toilets for Health Sub-Centre 2 Vahai 2.00
3.06 Constn of Toilets for Health Sub-Centre 2 Laki 2.00
3.07 Constn of Urinals at Health Sub-Centre 2 Vahai 2.00
3.08 Constn of Urinals at Health Sub-Centre 2 Laki 2.00
3.09 Constn of new building for Health Sub-Centre 1 Khopai 5.00
3.10 Renovation of Community Hall 1 Laki 2.50
3.11 Constn of Community Hall 1 Vahai 8.00
3.12 Constn of Community Hall 1 Khopai 8.00
3.13 Renovation and extension of Playground 1 Laki 2.50
3.14 Constn of Additional Room for Region High School 1 Laki 3.00
3.15 Constn of Library Building for Region High School 1 Laki 3.00
3.16 Constn of Laboratory Room for Region High School 1 Laki 3.00
3.17 Distribution of DTH set for Village Panchayats 10 Vahai Cluster 3.50
3.18 Purchase of computer sets for schools 10 Vahai Cluster 4.50
3.19 Constn of RCC Pavillion 1 Vahai 2.00
3.20 Constn of RCC Pavillion 1 Laki 2.00
3.21 Constn of RCC Pavillion 1 Khopai 2.00
3.22 Constn of Volleyball Court 1 Vahai 2.00
3.23 Constn of Volleyball Court 1 Khopai 2.00
3.24 Constn of Volleyball Court 1 Laki 2.00
3.25 Mobile Medical clinic at various villages 10 Vahai Cluster 5.00
3.26 Micro-irrigation canals for River Tuisih WRC 1 Khopai 25.00
3.27 Constn of Retaining Wall near Hmothia House 48x3m Khopai 2.50
3.28 Constn of Retaining Wall near Sedo House 30x3m Khopai 2.00
3.29 Constn of Retaining Wall near Dume House 50x3m Khopai 2.50
3.30 Constn of Retaining Wall near chhiava House 50x3m Khopai 2.50
3.31 Constn of Retaining Wall near Ngiache House 60x3m Khopai 2.65
3.32 Constn of RCC culvert near T.Lawbei House 3x2x2m Khopai 1.50
3.33 Constn of RCC culvert near Tha-o House 2x2x3m Khopai 1.50
3.34 Constn of RCC culvert near Hutha House 2x3x2m Khopai 1.50
3.35 Constn of RCC culvert near near Primary School II 2x3x2m Khopai 1.50
3.36 Constn of RCC culvert near Noso House 2x3x2m Khopai 1.50
3.37 Constn of RCC culvert near Tawna House 2x3x2m Khopai 1.50
3.38 Constn of RCC culvert near Hratlu House 3x3x2m Khopai 1.50
3.39 Constn of RCC culvert near Rakhei House 2x2x3m Khopai 1.50
3.40 Constn of side drain 400 RM Khopai 5.00


30
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
3 VAHAI CLUSTER (Cont…)
3.41 Constn of RCC culvert between Devana In and 3x2x3m Vahai 1.50
Khuma In
3.42 Constn of RCC culvert between Lekha and 4x3x1m Vahai 1.50
Rala In
3.43 Constn of RCC culvert between Beisa In and 3x3x2m Vahai 1.50
J.Sema In
3.45 Constn of RCC culvert between Khingia In and 2x3x2m Vahai 1.50
Beithliy In
3.46 Constn of RCC culvert between Nangliani Pa In and 4x3x2m Vahai 1.50
C.Khemau In
3.47 Constn of stone masonry step between Reitha In 150 RM Vahai 3.60
ECM Biak In
3.48 Constn of stone masonry step between Lema In 100 RM Vahai 2.40
V.Sahu In
3.49 Constn of stone masonry step between Hlichho In 100 RM Vahai 2.40
VC Hall
3.50 Constn of stone masonry step bewteen Hlichho In 100 RM Vahai 2.40
Saichho In
3.51 Constn of stone masonry step between Huakho In 80 RM Vahai 2.00
Primary School II
3.52 Constn of stone masonry step between Godown In 30 RM Laki 0.80
Water Point
3.53 Constn of stone masonry step between Sub-Centre 10 RM Laki 0.30
and Water Point
3.54 Constn of stone masonry step between Khopai road 5 RM Laki 0.20
and UPC Biak In
3.55 Constn of stone masonry step between B.Laitu In 20 RM Laki 1.00
ECM Biak In
3.56 Constn of RCC culvert 12x3m Laki 1.50
3.57 Stone masonry bouldering of internal road between 800 mts Laki 16.00
Local Church and Community Hall
3.58 Animal Health Camps 10 Vahai Cluster 5.00
3.59 Veterinary Dispensaries 3 Vahai Cluster 9.00
3.60 Irrigation Canals 50 Vahai Cluster 20.00
3.61 Land Development 50 Vahai Cluster 20.00
3.62 Development of Farm Pond 20 Vahai Cluster 20.00
3.63 Constn of Addl.Room at Anganwadi Centres 3 Vahai Cluster 9.00
3.64 Constn of toilets and urinals at Anganwadi 5 Vahai Cluster 5.00




31
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
4 LUNGPUK CLUSTER
4.01 Provision of Water Supply Scheme 1 Lungpuk 5.00
4.02 Provision of Water Supply Scheme 1 Khaikhy 5.00
4.03 Provision of Water Supply Scheme 1 Leisai 5.00
4.04 Provision of Water Supply Scheme 1 Mipu 5.00
4.05 Provision of Water Supply Scheme 1 Supha 5.00
4.06 Constn of Additional Room for Primary School 1 Lungpuk 3.00
4.07 Constn of Additional Room for Primary School 1 Khaikhy 3.00
4.08 Constn of Additional Room for Primary School 1 Leisai 3.00
4.09 Constn of Additional Room for Primary School 1 Mipu 3.00
4.10 Distribution of Solar Heating Plate 50 Lungpuk 5.00
4.11 Distribution of Solar Heating Plate 50 Leisai 5.00
4.12 Distribution of Solar Heating Plate 30 Khaikhy 5.00
4.13 Distribution of Solar Heating Plate 40 Mipu 5.00
4.14 Distribution of Solar Heating Plate 40 Supha 5.00
4.15 Distribution of Solar Energy Lighting System 100 Lungpuk 5.00
4.16 Distribution of Solar Energy Lighting System 50 Leisai 5.00
4.17 Distribution of Solar Energy Lighting System 30 Khaikhy 5.00
4.18 Distribution of Solar Energy Lighting System 40 Mipu 5.00
4.19 Distribution of Solar Energy Lighting System 40 Supha 5.00
4.20 Micro Irrigation Canal for Lochhie WRC 1 Mipu 6.00
4.21 Micro Irrigation Canal for Thehra WRC 1 Mipu 6.00
4.22 Micro Irrigation Canal for Para WRC 1 Mipu 6.00
4.23 Micro Irrigation Canal for Chhamy WRC 1 Mipu 6.00
4.24 Micro Irrigation Canal for Tongkolong River 1 Supha 6.00
4.25 Micro Irrigation Canal for Luite River 1 Supha 6.00
4.26 Micro Irrigation Canal for Thingdawl River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.27 Micro Irrigation Canal for Hnahthial River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.28 Micro Irrigation Canal for Vatipa River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.29 Micro Irrigation Canal for Tuivawt River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.30 Micro Irrigation Canal for Thingsen River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.31 Micro Irrigation Canal for Kawrte River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.32 Micro Irrigation Canal for Rava River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.33 Micro Irrigation Canal for Chasi River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.34 Micro Irrigation Canal for Bethel River 1 Lungpuk 6.00
4.35 Constn of Health Sub-Centre 1 Lungpuk 5.00
4.36 Constn of Health Sub-Centre 1 Leisai 5.00
4.37 Constn of Health Sub-Centre 1 Mipu 5.00
4.38 Constn of Library Building for YMA 1 Lungpuk 3.00
4.39 Constn of Community Hall 1 Lungpuk 8.00
4.40 Constn of Rest Shed 1 Lungpuk 2.00


32
Sl.No Name of work Unit Village Project
Outlay
1 2 3 4 5
4 LUNGPUK CLUSTER (Cont…)
4.41 Constn of Volleyball Court 1 Lungpuk 2.00
4.42 Constn of Volleyball Court 1 Leisai 2.00
4.43 Constn of Volleyball Court 1 Mipu 2.00
4.44 Renovation of Playground 1 Lungpuk 2.00
4.45 Constn of RCC culvert at Lochhie Chava 1 Mipu 2.50
4.46 Animal Health Camps 10 Lungpuk Cluster 5.00
4.47 Veterinary Dispensaries 3 Lungpuk Cluster 9.00
4.48 Irrigation Canals 50 Lungpuk Cluster 20.00
4.49 Land Development 50 Lungpuk Cluster 20.00
4.50 Development of Farm Pond 20 Lungpuk Cluster 20.00
4.51 Constn of Addl.Room at Anganwadi Centres 3 Lungpuk Cluster 9.00
4.52 Constn of toilets and urinals at Anganwadi 5 Lungpuk Cluster 5.00